How to say Since… then must… in Japanese
「からには」「うえは」「以上は」 all express a strong sense of obligation, determination, or inevitability after a certain condition is met. However, they have different nuances and are used in slightly different contexts. Below is a detailed comparison:
1.「からには」 – “Since… / Now that…” (Strong Determination or Obligation)
Grammar Structure
Verb (dictionary form / た-form) + からには
い-adjective + からには
な-adjective / noun + である + からには
Meaning & Usage
- Indicates that once a condition is met, something must follow.
- Expresses strong determination, obligation, or an expected consequence.
- Often used to state one’s strong resolve, a sense of duty, or logical consequences.
Examples
✅ 約束したからには、守らなければならない。
(Since I promised, I must keep it.) → Moral obligation.
✅ やるからには、最後までやりたい。
(Since I’m doing it, I want to do it till the end.) → Strong determination.
✅ 試験を受けるからには、合格を目指したい。
(Since I’m taking the exam, I want to aim to pass.) → Expected consequence.
Nuances
- Implies a reason + obligation, expectation, or resolve.
- Used both in spoken and written language.
- The cause is based on personal decisions or external conditions.
2.「うえは」 – “Since… / Now that…” (Strong Determination or Formal)
Grammar Structure
Verb (dictionary form / た-form) + うえは
Meaning & Usage
- Similar to 「からには」, but more formal.
- Indicates strong determination, obligation, or an expected course of action.
- Often used in written language, formal speeches, or announcements.
Examples
✅ 入学するうえは、しっかり勉強するつもりだ。
(Since I’m entering school, I intend to study hard.) → Formal commitment.
✅ こうなったうえは、最後までやるしかない。
(Since it’s come to this, I have no choice but to see it through.) → Formal, emphasizing inevitable action.
✅ 引き受けたうえは、最後まで責任を持ってやる。
(Since I’ve taken on the responsibility, I will see it through to the end.) → Strong resolve.
Nuances
- More formal than「からには」, rarely used in casual speech.
- Stronger sense of determination.
- Often found in official statements, announcements, and literary works.
3.「以上は」 – “Since… / Given that…” (Stronger Emphasis on Logic)
Grammar Structure
Verb (dictionary form / た-form) + 以上(は)
Meaning & Usage
- Similar to 「からには」, but more logical and objective.
- Indicates that given a certain fact, a certain course of action must follow.
- Can be used for personal decisions or external expectations.
Examples
✅ 試合に出る以上は、全力を尽くします。
(Since I’m competing in the match, I will give it my all.) → Logical consequence.
✅ 学生である以上は、学業を優先すべきだ。
(Since you are a student, you should prioritize your studies.) → A logical expectation.
✅ 契約を結んだ以上は、守らなければならない。
(Since the contract has been signed, it must be followed.) → Legal or logical requirement.
Nuances
- More logical and factual than「からには」.
- Can sound slightly stronger than「からには」.
- Often used in written language and formal contexts.
- Can be used for rules, contracts, and general facts.
4. Key Differences Between「からには」「うえは」「以上は」
Aspect | からには | うえは | 以上は |
---|---|---|---|
Meaning | “Since… then must…” | “Since… then must…” (formal) | “Given that… then must…” (logical) |
Nuance | Strong personal commitment or external obligation | More formal and official | More logical and factual |
Common Usage | Used in both speech and writing | Used mostly in writing, formal | Used mostly in writing, logical |
Example 1 | 試験を受けるからには、合格したい。 (Since I’m taking the exam, I want to pass.) |
試験を受けるうえは、合格したい。 (Since I’m taking the exam, I have to aim to pass.) |
試験を受ける以上は、合格すべきだ。 (Since I’m taking the exam, I should pass.) |
Example 2 | やるからには、最後までやる。 (Since I’m doing it, I will do it till the end.) |
やるうえは、最後までやる。 (Since I’m doing it, I will do it till the end.) |
やる以上は、最後までやるべきだ。 (Since I’m doing it, I should do it till the end.) |
5. When They Cannot Be Interchanged
❌「うえは」 Cannot Be Used Casually
✅ やるからには、最後までやりたい。 (✔️)
❌ やるうえは、最後までやりたい。 (⛔ Sounds unnatural in casual speech)
- 「うえは」 is too formal for daily conversation.
❌「からには」 Sounds Weaker Than「以上は」
✅ 学生である以上は、勉強を優先すべきだ。 (✔️)
❌ 学生であるからには、勉強を優先すべきだ。 (⛔ Sounds weaker)
- 「以上は」 is more logical and factual, making it a better choice.
6. Summary
Expression | Main Meaning | Common Usage | Tone & Strength |
---|---|---|---|
からには | Since… then must… | Used in both speech and writing | Personal commitment or expected consequence |
うえは | Since… then must… | Used mostly in formal writing | More formal and official |
以上は | Given that… then must… | Used mostly in logical statements | More logical and factual |
💡 If you want to express a general obligation or determination, use 「からには」.
💡 If you want to sound more formal, use 「うえは」.
💡 If you want to emphasize logic and reasoning, use 「以上は」.